@article { author = {Shimbar, Ali and Ebrahimi, Seyed Babak}, title = {Modified-Decoupled Net Present Value: The Intersection of Valuation and Time scaling of Risk in Energy Sector}, journal = {Environmental Energy and Economic Research}, volume = {1}, number = {4}, pages = {347-362}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Environmental Energy and Economic Research}, issn = {2538-4988}, eissn = {2676-4997}, doi = {10.22097/eeer.2018.126021.1025}, abstract = {Although the practical importance of investment analysis in long-term energy investments is well understood, choosing the proper method has always been a dilemma. In this regard, classic evaluation methods, with a history of almost a century, are mostly favored, but using them in the valuation of long-lasting energy projects has particular shortcomings, nevertheless. The drawbacks mainly stem from two structural problems: a) reflecting risk in rate of return instead of cash flow thus summing up risk and time value of money in a single parameter, b) generalizing the predefined rate of return to all project life time regardless of changing nature of risk. To overcome such drawbacks, a new easy-to-implement method termed Modified-Decoupled Net Present Value (M-DNPV) is proposed that intercepts coupling of risk and time value of money by deducting the risky portion of expected cash flows. To cover the dynamic nature of risk and as a buffer against uncertainty, it is suggested to attribute measured risks to investment lifespan using an "uncertainty coefficient”. Finally, the ability of the new method is shown through a complicated energy investment: an Iranian Petroleum Contract (IPC).}, keywords = {Energy investment,Decoupled NPV,Investment decision analysis,Project valuation,Iranian Petroleum Contract}, url = {https://www.eeer.ir/article_63363.html}, eprint = {https://www.eeer.ir/article_63363_5356f23782dcbe65919f96ee7bc0a1f1.pdf} } @article { author = {Sadeh, Narges and Rezaian, Sahar}, title = {Risk Management and Control of Dams Based on Integrating TOPSIS and RAM-D Techniques (Case Study: Paveh Rood Dam, Iran)}, journal = {Environmental Energy and Economic Research}, volume = {1}, number = {4}, pages = {363-372}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Environmental Energy and Economic Research}, issn = {2538-4988}, eissn = {2676-4997}, doi = {10.22097/eeer.2018.122552.1024}, abstract = {The purpose of this study was to manage the risks of Paveh Rood Dam at constructional phase by integrating TOPSIS & RAM-D techniques. After investigating the environmental conditions of the study area and the technical specifications of the dam, the risks of the dam construction were listed in a questionnaire. After analyzing the given scores by Preliminary Hazard Analysis (PHA), Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) was used to prioritize the identified risks of the Paveh Rood Dam. According to the results, among 43 risk factors, erosion, due to the severe erosion in the study basin, and its intensification, due to the loss of top soil and damage to vegetation cover, were two factors given the first and highest priority. Excavation and embankment, due to large-scale dam construction operations to build the dam reservoir, and building roads, tunnels, and camps, were placed second. The results of risk assessment showed that damage to Sorkhabad Protected Area (with a score of 9), due to its proximity to the dam site and placement of a part of irrigation and drainage network within which, intensification of erosion (with a score of 6), due to high erodibility of the study area, work at height in terms of the importance of safety issues and earthquake (with a score of 3), given that the area around the dam site has seismic dynamics, were recognized the most important risks of Paveh Rood Dam at constructional phase.}, keywords = {Environmental Risk Management,Dam,Constructional Phase,TOPSIS,RAM-D,Paveh Rood Dam,Iran}, url = {https://www.eeer.ir/article_63364.html}, eprint = {https://www.eeer.ir/article_63364_3aeaba3528551cb09f0975e4ac6e4383.pdf} } @article { author = {Ghaedi, Sohrab}, title = {Evaluation and Zoning of Wind Power in Hormozgan Province, Iran}, journal = {Environmental Energy and Economic Research}, volume = {1}, number = {4}, pages = {373-382}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Environmental Energy and Economic Research}, issn = {2538-4988}, eissn = {2676-4997}, doi = {10.22097/eeer.2018.119180.1020}, abstract = {Limited resources of fossil energies and climate change have encouraged countries to use renewable energies like wind energy. Although Iran has enormous natural resources of fossil fuels, environmental considerations and the depletion of these resources in the future have increased interest in renewable energies. In this paper, the magnitude and power of wind in Hormozgan province, southern Iran were investigated and classified. The long coastlines and several islands of this province have provided suitable conditions for exploiting wind energy. Collecting data related to speed and direction of the wind, the magnitude and power of zonal and meridional winds were calculated. A cluster analysis on wind magnitude showed the central regions of the province has less productive energy potentials than other regions. From central to the surrounding areas, there is an increased amount of energy potential. Wind power was estimated by the different rotor radius of turbines in the province. In islands, wind magnitude was more than 1/5m.s^(-1), which increases energy potential production in the cold months. In eastern regions, up to 68000 w.m^(-2) power could be produced.}, keywords = {wind power,zonal and meridional wind,air density,rotor radius,Hormozgan province}, url = {https://www.eeer.ir/article_63365.html}, eprint = {https://www.eeer.ir/article_63365_39d24d32b375ba28b4234b9282507c88.pdf} } @article { author = {Amini, Elham and Nematollahi, Hossein and Moradi Banestani, Nasim}, title = {Estimation and Modeling of Biogas Production in Rural Small Landfills (Case Study: Chaharmahaal and Bakhtiari and Yazd Rural Areas)}, journal = {Environmental Energy and Economic Research}, volume = {1}, number = {4}, pages = {383-392}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Environmental Energy and Economic Research}, issn = {2538-4988}, eissn = {2676-4997}, doi = {10.22097/eeer.2018.122498.1023}, abstract = {One of the main factors contributing to greenhouse gas emissions in the environment is the production of pollutant gases in landfills. Collecting the landfill gases (LFG) effectively reduces the emission of gasses from the landfill site. A precise collection system for LFG can create the potential for energy generation in addition to emissions reduction. However, in Iran, the implementation of such systems remains undeveloped. During the design and construction of a gas collection system, it is necessary to correctly estimate the amount of emissions and type of gases produced at the landfill site. Using LandGEM model, in the span of 20-year (2016-2036), the amount of gases produced in the landfills of the rural areas of Chaharmahaal and Bakhtiari and Yazd provinces have been predicted. According to the results, the largest amount of landfill gas emission will be in 2037, one year after the last year of disposal of the waste to the landfill. The total amount of produced gas, methane, carbon dioxide and NMOCs will be 5435, 1452, 3983 and 62.4 tons per year in 2037 for Chaharmahaa and Bakhtiari and 1574, 4205, 1154 and 18.07 tons per year in 2037 for Yazd.}, keywords = {Biogass,Rural Areas,Biofuel,Landfill Gas,Biomass}, url = {https://www.eeer.ir/article_63366.html}, eprint = {https://www.eeer.ir/article_63366_f12f1dbd773884890cf33004e15a0729.pdf} } @article { author = {Zakeri Niri, Mahmoud and Moazami, Saber and KhanMohammadi, Sahar}, title = {Estimation of Runoff Peak Flow by El-Hames Empirical Method for Ungauged Catchments: A Case Study Iranshahr}, journal = {Environmental Energy and Economic Research}, volume = {1}, number = {4}, pages = {393-404}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Environmental Energy and Economic Research}, issn = {2538-4988}, eissn = {2676-4997}, doi = {10.22097/eeer.2018.120068.1021}, abstract = {In this paper, the El-Hames empirical method was used to determine the peak runoff flow in Iranshahr catchment. The El-Hames method is based on morphological parameters and SCS Curve Number of the studied area. The implementing was processed by collecting the required data including soil type and vegetation cover, land use maps, digital elevation model and satellite images from the associated institutions such as Iran Water Resources Management Company (IWRM) and Iran Weather Organization. Then the all data was integrated by using GIS in order to create different layers of required information. The generated layers were applied to determine the morphological parameters through SCS method and to develop the CN map of the study area. Afterward, daily rainfall statistics over the study catchment obtained from synoptic and rain-gauge stations were estimated for 2 to 200 year return periods. Finally, the developed curve number map and the rainfall statistics were imported in the El-Hames formula to estimate the maximum flood peak flow for return periods corresponding to flood events and the hydrographic graphs were plotted. This paper also assessed the validity of El-Hames formula to determine its accuracy. The obtained results of CE and RMSE with value of respectively, 0.97 and 55.95cms prove the accuracy of applied model. Results of this paper can be used as a basis for design and implementation of plans for sustainable development of water resources over the study area and to provide viable strategies for controlling floods and dealing with water crises in this region.}, keywords = {Iranshahr catchment,curve number,peak flow,runoff,El-Hames method}, url = {https://www.eeer.ir/article_63367.html}, eprint = {https://www.eeer.ir/article_63367_7e5b94ec6ed27713f46b2c9e1437b731.pdf} } @article { author = {Kamaei, Morteza and Rashedi, Hamid and Dastgheib, Seyed Mohammad Mehdi and Tasharrofi, Saeideh}, title = {Photocatalytic Decomposition of Ethylbenzene in Air using TiO2 Nano-catalysts in an Annular Photoreactor}, journal = {Environmental Energy and Economic Research}, volume = {1}, number = {4}, pages = {405-412}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Environmental Energy and Economic Research}, issn = {2538-4988}, eissn = {2676-4997}, doi = {10.22097/eeer.2018.144949.1035}, abstract = {The contaminated environment by various pollutants in the last decades is a serious concern for the governments and human societies all over the world. Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), emitted from a wide range of industries, are among such pollutants which can easily move in the air due to their volatile nature and are toxic and harmful to the environment and human health. Removal of gaseous ethylbenzene as an aromatic VOC using photocatalytic oxidation in an annular photoreactor packed with TiO2 nanoparticle-coated glass beads has been investigated in this research. The TiO2 nano-catalysts were characterized by XRD and FE-SEM. The removal efficiencies of about 75-100% could be yielded for the initial ethylbenzene concentrations up to 0.6 g/m3 in the UV irradiated reactor at a relatively low residence time. The inlet flow rate and initial ethylbenzene concentration were effective parameters on the removal efficiency and their increase caused reduction of removal efficiency. CO2 production in the photoreactor showed the mineralization of the pollutant during photocatalytic decomposition of ethylbenzene.}, keywords = {VOCs,Ethylbenzene,Air pollution,Photocatalysis,Annular Photoreactor}, url = {https://www.eeer.ir/article_69038.html}, eprint = {https://www.eeer.ir/article_69038_10eca00a2db10f3588690735e3449ff7.pdf} }