Environmental Energy and Economic Research
Environmental Energy and Economic Research
2538-4988
2676-4997
1
3
2017
09
01
Evaluation of Sewage Sludge for Incineration (Case study: Arak Wastewater Treatment Plant)
249
258
EN
AbdolReza
Khalili
Water and Wastewater Company of Markazi Province, Arak, Iran
Shervin
Jamshidi
Water and Wastewater Research Centre, Water Research Institute (WRI), Ministry of Energy, Tehran, Iran
jamshidi.wri@gmail.com
Morteza
Khalesidoust
Water and Wastewater Research Centre, Water Research Institute (WRI), Ministry of Energy, Tehran, Iran
Mohammadreza
Vesali Naseh
Assistant Professor, Environmental Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Arak, Arak, Iran
Abbas
Akbarzadeh
Water and Wastewater Research Centre, Water Research Institute (WRI), Ministry of Energy, Tehran, Iran
Mehran
Mamaghani Nejad
Water and Wastewater Company of Markazi Province, Arak, Iran
Mohammad
Mohebbi
Water and Wastewater Company of Markazi Province, Arak, Iran
Fariba
Sameni
Water and Wastewater Company of Markazi Province, Arak, Iran
10.22097/eeer.2017.47251
Sewage sludge treatment has become a primary subject in wastewater treatment and energy production. This paper aims to study the feasibility of power generation by incineration from sewage sludge enriched with impurities like heavy metals. For this purpose, we chose Arak wastewater treatment plant (AWWTP) and used calorific bomb test for examination. The experimental results showed that the heating values of sewage sludge are much less than the predicted records. This relates to the heavy metal and impurities content of sludge. These totally involved 5 to 18% of dried biomass. Therefore, we modified the predicting equation of heating value with respect to both water and impurities content of excess sludge. Finally, regarding the sludge characteristics of AWWTP, an annealing hierarchy programming (AHP) was used to find optimal technologies for dewatering and sludge minimization. Here, 21 criteria are classified in three main categories to rank the technologies regarding their costs, risks and performance. By all these means, a practical solution is introduced for optimal sludge management.
Annealing Hierarchy Programming (AHP),Heavy metal,heating value,Incineration,Sludge,Wastewater Treatment Plant
https://www.eeer.ir/article_47251.html
https://www.eeer.ir/article_47251_64f169797a4360fea6c05eecbb0371c1.pdf
Environmental Energy and Economic Research
Environmental Energy and Economic Research
2538-4988
2676-4997
1
3
2017
09
01
Developing of Alternative SRFs in Kerman’s Cement Industry by Energy Optimization and Economical Feasibility Approaches
259
268
EN
Hossein
Vahidi
0000-0002-5868-6821
Department of Civil Engineering, Sirjan University of Technology, Kerman, Iran
hosseinv65@gmail.com
Nasim
Moradi
Department of Civil Engineering, Sirjan University of Technology, Kerman, Iran
nasimmoradi20@gmail.com
Hakime
Abbaslou
Department of Civil Engineering, Sirjan University of Technology, Kerman, Iran
abbaslou@sirjantech.ac.ir
10.22097/eeer.2017.86463.1000
Optimizing and decreasing the fuel consumption and as a result preserving the national financial resources are so important purposes in the resistive economic which has been becoming so vital during previous years due to the implementation of sanctions against Iran. Using the alternative fuels stemming from municipal waste and using them in the energy industry of cement can be some suitable solutions in attaining these purposes. In this study, first, all kinds of operational alternative SRFs (Standard Refinery Fuels) in Iran have been surveyed and compared with known RDFs (Refuse Derived Fuels); then, in the county of Kerman, Bardsir, and Mahan in the province of Kerman which are located in the 50-kilometer buffer of Kerman Cement Company and Momtazan Cement Company has the potentiality of SRF production from the municipal waste been assessed. According to the results, 330 tonnes of SRF by common quality are producible which this amount of alternative fuel can decrease the consumption of fossil fuels such as mazut about 30,000 tonnes in Rotary furnaces in Kerman province’s cement industry. This amount of substitution will have the great potentiality of foreign exchange savings in this region which will be very economical due to the required initial investment and noticeable due to the amount of Rials savings. The development of a conventional unit of SRF production and injection has also been surveyed economically.
Alternative Fuel,Municipal Waste,cement industry,Kerman,Resistive economy
https://www.eeer.ir/article_49380.html
https://www.eeer.ir/article_49380_285817de515e872fe52c919a7e08519c.pdf
Environmental Energy and Economic Research
Environmental Energy and Economic Research
2538-4988
2676-4997
1
3
2017
09
01
Assessment and Deployment of Ground Source Heat Pump for Air Pollution Reduction in Tehran, Iran
269
278
EN
Hossein
Yousefi
0000-0002-6372-5127
Department of Renewable Energy and Environment, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
hosseinyousefi@ut.ac.ir
Younes
Noorollahi
Department of Renewable Energy and Environment, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
yo_noorollahi@yahoo.com
Mohammad
Mohammadi
Department of Renewable Energy and Environment, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
m.mohammady@ut.ac.ir
Pedram
Bigdelou
Department of Renewable Energy and Environment, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
bigdelou@ut.ac.ir
Mahyar
Taheri Bavil Oliaei
School of Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
mah.taheri24@ut.ac.ir
10.22097/eeer.2017.87106.1007
The use of renewable energies, especially in metropolises has led to a reduction in environmental pollution and greater access to clean, renewable and sustainable energy. This paper evaluates the effectiveness of a national plan adopted by the Tehran city council for reducing air pollutions. This plan is designed to increase the share of renewable energies in residential buildings. This study assumes that the extended renewable share is supplied by ground source heat pump (GSHP) systems. The number of Residential Building Permits (RBPs) issued by the city government is predicted in the next five years. Then the effects of using GSHPs on the amount of consumed electricity power and Gas are estimated by considering the policies intended for using GSHPs in Tehran. Finally, the reduction amount of air pollutants is calculated by considering the obtained results from the previous step. The reduction in gas consumption is estimated to be 4,810,848 m3. As a result of this reduction, 9429 tons of CO2, 201 kg of SOx, and 10 tons of NOx are prevented from releasing into the atmosphere. The increased amount of electricity power from running GSHPs in the residential buildings is predicted to be 11,182,543 kWh. The natural gas consumption savings is nearly 50% regarding using combined cycle power plants to generate electricity. The results demonstrated that the plan leads to decrease the emission of CO2 and SOx, and increases in NOx emissions when the excess electricity is supplied by the steam turbine, gas turbine, and combined cycle power plants.
Air pollution,Renewable Energies,Heat Pump,Residential Buildings,Iran
https://www.eeer.ir/article_49381.html
https://www.eeer.ir/article_49381_af5a740dd5d65aa08871c1530f27f75b.pdf
Environmental Energy and Economic Research
Environmental Energy and Economic Research
2538-4988
2676-4997
1
3
2017
09
01
Assessment of the Degree of Development of the Cities of Gilan Province, Iran (Economic Approach)
279
286
EN
Hamidreza
Alipour
http://orcid.org/000
Department of Management and Economic, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
drbehdad_66@yahoo.com
Leila
Gholamipour
Kerman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran
gholamipour.leila@gmail.com
10.22097/eeer.2017.88769.1009
The first and most important goal of all governments is development. Surely one of the most important factors of development is economic development, but this is not the only parameter since development is not merely an economic phenomenon. Intense population focus and imbalance are characteristic of third world countries, resulting from polarized growth policies. So, a limited number of areas have key roles and the other areas act as marginal. The first step to solve this problem is to understand disparities in economic, social, and cultural aspects. This research seeks to measure the degree of development of the cities of Gilan province, Iran. According to some development indexes in order to obtain the rates and causes of regional inequalities along with a way to reduce the underdevelopment of the region. Therefore, economic indexes have been used. After the analysis of the model, the results indicated that there is a fundamental difference among the cities with respect to development indexes; they are ranked based on developmental degrees as follow: Rasht, Bandar Anzali, Astaneh Ashrafieh, Lahijan, Roudbar, Masal, Rudsar, Amlash, Siahkal, Some'esara, Langrood, Shaft, Astara, Rezvanshahr, Fuman, and Talesh.
Morris coefficient of development,Gilan province cities,Facilities distribution
https://www.eeer.ir/article_49382.html
https://www.eeer.ir/article_49382_ba8aa78d33c7bd6ae04ad7195ddbf041.pdf
Environmental Energy and Economic Research
Environmental Energy and Economic Research
2538-4988
2676-4997
1
3
2017
09
01
Socioeconomic Impact Assessment of Deforestation of Hyrcanian Forests on Local Communities
287
298
EN
Sahar
Rezaian
Department of Environment, Islamic Azad University, Shahrood Branch, Shahrood, Iran
rezaian.shr@gmail.com
Seyed Ali
Jozi
0000000244861297
Department of Environment, Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
sajozi@yahoo.com
10.22097/eeer.2017.86996.1005
The present study was conducted to assess socio-economic impacts of deforestation of Hyrcanian forests in two basins of Do-Hezar and Se-Hezar, northern Iran. To this end, changes in the forest area were detected over the period between 1990 and 2006 based on land use land cover maps derived from Landsat and IRS satellite images. The land use changes were investigated by enhancement of the images at each time interval. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was also used to evaluate the density of the land cover in the form of six greenness classes. Subsequently, the socioeconomic impacts of deforestation in the basins were estimated using rapid assessment matrix. Depending on the extent of destruction, the socioeconomic parameters affected by destroyed or decreased forest area were identified and scored by RIAM Software. The obtained results indicated that the greatest changes in forest area was occurred due to urban development and expanded farmland areas within over years 2000-2006, when the greenness degree was also decreased. Acceding to the RIAM results, 3% of the deforestation impacts in two basins was very negative (-E) while, 23% was moderately negative (-c). Besides, slightly negative (-A) impacts include 27% of the total negative effects. Although the adverse effects of deforestation on socioeconomic status of the residents were not very destructive, however, the impacts on the rural community could be important and noticeable.
Socioeconomic impacts,land use,Remote Sensing,Rapid impact assessment matrix,Deforestation
https://www.eeer.ir/article_50788.html
https://www.eeer.ir/article_50788_10f8cf1d321622195a8d647847cc9ff1.pdf
Environmental Energy and Economic Research
Environmental Energy and Economic Research
2538-4988
2676-4997
1
3
2017
09
01
Relationship between Environmental Quality and Economic Growth in Developing Countries (based on Environmental Performance Index)
299
310
EN
Hossein-Ali
Fakher
0000-0002-7493-0126
Department of Environmental Economics, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
imanfakher@yahoo.com
Zahra
Abedi
Department of Environmental Economics, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
abedi2015@yahoo.com
10.22097/eeer.2017.86464.1001
In order to evaluate the development levels of countries, economic growth along with environmental quality account for important indices nowadays. The impacts of environmental quality (based on environmental performance index), the direct foreign investment, and trade openness on economic growth in selected developing countries have been scrutinized in the present study. In the present study the Auto Regressive Distributed Lag Model and ARDL bounds test methods were adopted in panel data pertaining to the data of 1983 to 2013 time span. According to the results, a co-integration was found among the model-based variables if economic growth was determined as the dependent variable. The trade openness showed a significant long-run relationship based on the estimated coefficients. Results indicate a positive and significant impact of environmental performance index on economic growth. Moreover, the variable foreign direct investment revealed a positive and significant confirmation. Considering the diagnostic tests findings at 5% level, such problems as serial correlation, functional form, model misspecification, and heteroscedasticity are not present in the estimated model.
Economic Growth,Environmental performance index,Trade openness,Foreign direct investment
https://www.eeer.ir/article_49997.html
https://www.eeer.ir/article_49997_d0ab0adef5a64c741c7754fe06f7b452.pdf
Environmental Energy and Economic Research
Environmental Energy and Economic Research
2538-4988
2676-4997
1
3
2017
09
01
Cancer Risk Assessment Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene and Xylene (BTEX) in the Production of Insulation Bituminous
311
320
EN
Faezeh
Borhani
Graduate Faculty of Environmental, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
fborhani78@yahoo.com
Alireza
Noorpoor
0000-0002-8585-8852
Graduate Faculty of Environmental, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
noorpoor@ut.ac.ir
10.22097/eeer.2017.90292.1010
Benzene, Toluene, Ethyl Benzene and Xylene are volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with approximately similar physical and chemical characteristics. Benzene and Ethyl-benzene are known carcinogen as well as they affect the circulatory, nervous, and reproductive and respiratory systems. Toluene and Xylene also damage the nervous and reproductive systems. The main purpose of this study is to determine the risk of occupational exposure to Benzene and toluene compounds among Isogam Bituminous production units which were selected randomly in Delijan and also to calculate the quantitative rate of cancer and non-cancer risks of these compounds. In this empirical and analytical study, in ten Isogam Bituminous production units (of the suburbs and downtown) which are selected randomly. The quality of the air that the workers breathe is collected at three times; in the morning, at noon and at night at which at one of time in each Isogam Bituminous production unit. Air samples are gathered based on standard of NIOSH 3800 by a sampling pump manufactured by SKC Co. England with a flow rate of 0.3 liters per minute. These samples are transported to the laboratory and analyzed by gas chromatograph with Flame Ionization Detector (FID). The cancer risk for workers exposed to Benzene is calculated in the range of 8.15×10-7 and a quantitative non-cancer risk value for Toluene is also calculated in the range of 0.000176 . Coccupational exposure of workers at Isogam Bituminous production units to Benzene, Toluene compounds might increase the risk of cancer for them.
Volatile organic compounds,Human Health Risk Assessment,Bituminous industry
https://www.eeer.ir/article_52149.html
https://www.eeer.ir/article_52149_90bdf6c5d51ae5844111c5105b2a9bc3.pdf
Environmental Energy and Economic Research
Environmental Energy and Economic Research
2538-4988
2676-4997
1
3
2017
09
01
The nexus of renewable energy - sustainable development - environmental quality in Iran: Bayesian VAR approach
321
332
EN
Davood
Behboudi
Economic Development Department, Economics and Management Faculty, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran
dbehbudi@tabrizu.ac.ir
Parviz
Mohamadzadeh
Economic Development Department, Economics and Management Faculty, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran
pmohamadzadeh@tabrizu.ac.ir
Soha
Moosavi
Economic Development Department, Economics and Management Faculty, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran
smoosavi@tabrizu.ac.ir
10.22097/eeer.2018.99215.1014
The use of renewable energy reduces environmental pollution and leads to achievement of sustainable development. The current study investigates the dynamic interrelationship between sustainable development, renewable and non-renewable energies and environment nexus by applying Bayesian vector autoregression (BVAR) and impulse response functions in Iran with an annual data frequency for the time span of 1980-2013. In this study, genuine savings (GS) were particularly examined to indicate sustainable development. The empirical results confirm the existence of cointegration long-run relationship among the variables. Based on BVAR analysis, SSVS-full and normal-Wishart functions were used as optimal prior functions to estimate renewable and non-renewable energies models, respectively. Results of impulse response functions indicate a positive impact of renewable and non-renewable energies consumption on sustainable development. Also, renewable and non-renewable energies consumption shocks positively affect CO2 emissions, but the effect of non-renewable energy consumption on air pollution is more than that of renewable energy consumption. Moreover, the results reveal positive impact of sustainable development shock on renewable energy consumption and negative impact on non-renewable energy consumption.
Renewable Energy,Environmental Quality,sustainable development,Bayesian Vector Auto Regression (BVAR)
https://www.eeer.ir/article_59861.html
https://www.eeer.ir/article_59861_117aacadb3e1ab6920665310f1ee9b60.pdf
Environmental Energy and Economic Research
Environmental Energy and Economic Research
2538-4988
2676-4997
1
3
2017
09
01
Applying Solid Residues of Copper Slag in Kerman Sarcheshme of Iran as Sand Replacement for Self-Compacting Concrete
333
346
EN
Yousef
Askari Dolatabad
Department of civil engineering, Sirjan University of technology, Sirjan, Iran.
y.askari@sirjantech.ac.ir
Mohamad
Najaf Tarqi
Department of civil engineering, Sirjan University of technology, Sirjan, Iran.
najafi@sirjantech.ac.ir
10.22097/eeer.2018.105539.1015
The reuse of mineral wastes is one of the most suitable solid wastes solutions. Throughout the world, the large of the granular aggregates used in constructions exploit natural mountain resources and rivers. Using mineral waste as a part of concrete, it can be helped to create a green environment and also contribute to sustainable development. Since the copper production process in the Sarcheshmeh copper condensation factory is the source of the production of slag as waste and useless materials. These wastes can be used to produce concrete. In this paper, that is based on a laboratory study, attempted to examine the physical and chemical properties of waste materials. The effect of these materials as sand replacement was studied on the properties of Self-condensation, strength, corrosion and absorption of water self-compacting concrete. Thus, sand was replaced with the percentages of 0, 20, 40, 80 and 100 with copper slag, and the effect of this replacement on properties of self-condensation, strength, corrosion, and water absorption of self-compacting concrete studied. The results indicate that the replacement of sand with copper slag has caused an increase in slump flow and by increasing the percentage of replacement an increase in the rate of obstruction was observed. The compressive strength with the replacement of sand, with 20, 40 and 60 percent of copper slag, increased by 11.3, 15.5 and 12.4% respectively. And replacing sand with copper slag will cause more concrete corrosion.
Self-Compacting Concrete,copper slag,self-compacting properties,strength properties,mineral waste
https://www.eeer.ir/article_59862.html
https://www.eeer.ir/article_59862_cbe01d928f36b95134419ac20cb3f8a3.pdf