Environmental Energy and Economic ResearchEnvironmental Energy and Economic Research2538-49885220210501FMEA and AHP Methods in Managing Environmental Risks in Landfills: A Case Study of Kahrizak, Iran11512064610.22097/eeer.2020.253735.1172ENBenyamin SadeghiIndustrial and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, USAMansour SodagariConstruction Management, University of Florida, Gainesville, USAHossein NematollahiFaculty of Environment, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-3772-0664Hamed AlikhaniInterdisciplinary Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, USAJournal Article20201021As waste disposal centers are the hub of pollutants, the emission of these pollutants and their byproducts such as smell and dust, which are produced during the disposal process, may cause public grievances over waste disposal. The daily production of more than 8,000 tons of urban waste in Tehran has caused problems for the Tehran municipality. The Kahrizak landfill in Tehran has weaknesses, which leads to risks and citizens' discontentment as well as environmental issues and hazards. Due to population growth in megacities and the per capita increase in waste production, the need for a more suitable landfill has been one of Tehran's officials' concerns. In this study, after identifying risks at Kahrizak using a survey, the failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) method and analytic hierarchy process (AHP) are integrated to prioritize these risks. After the distribution of a questionnaire among 130 waste management experts, 22 risks were identified. Then, with the scoring of the risk severity, the probability of occurrence, and the detectability potential, the risk priority number (RPN) was calculated, and the risks were prioritized based on RPN. The results show that the following risks had the highest priority: change in land use, distance to the city limits signs, and distance to the airport. Finally, nine corrective actions were identified in a follow-up survey, which was distributed among 92 experts, to address the landfill’s risks in Tehran and other similar megacities.https://www.eeer.ir/article_120646_df2e1db6983c7be523759b7c039e0358.pdfEnvironmental Energy and Economic ResearchEnvironmental Energy and Economic Research2538-49885220210501Assessing the Life-cycle Greenhouse gas (GHG) Emissions of Renewable and Fossil Fuel Energy Sources in Iran1912473310.22097/eeer.2021.258370.1176ENGholamreza Nabi Bid HendiSchool of Environment, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran0000-0001-9930-9080Ali Daryabeigi ZandSchool of Environment, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-2490-0893Maryam Rabiee AbyanehKish International Campus, University of Tehran, Kish, Iran0000-0003-3951-9785Journal Article20201121Renewable power generation is known as a low emission energy source. However, it is extremely important to analyze the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of renewable energy power stations along the entire life-cycle to broaden the concept of sustainability to an environmental and economic point of view. The main objective of this study was assessing and comparing the GHG emissions within the life-cycle of solar and gas power generation in Iran. A further objective was to evaluate the external costs associated with carbon emissions. The life-cycle inventory was first analyzed. The output emissions inventoried in the study were carbon dioxide (CO2). Then the CO2 emission and social cost of carbon during every process in solar and gas technologies were calculated by energy and environment software. Gas power plants are found to have a life-cycle CO2 emission of 658 g-CO2/kWh, which is comparatively higher than solar power life cycles (5.9 g-CO2/kWh). Life-cycle CO2 emissions from solar and gas power generation systems, imposes 70.8 and 2883.6 million US dollars/year to compensate its social effects. Results of the present study showed that the solar power generation is the environmentally-friendly form of producing electricity when compared with gas power technology in terms of life-cycle CO2 emissions. This makes solar power as promising solution to the Iran's cleaner power transition.https://www.eeer.ir/article_124733_d0b84bd2048a9d79464c9db29669d526.pdfEnvironmental Energy and Economic ResearchEnvironmental Energy and Economic Research2538-49885220210501An Investigating the effect of economic and social factors on Iran's ecological footprint Using the Markov switching- Error Correction Model11512851510.22097/eeer.2021.259922.1178ENMaryam ZiaabadiEconomics of Natural Resources and Environment, Bam Higher Education Complex, Bam, IranMohammadreza Zare MehrjerdiEconomics of Natural Resources and Environment, Kerman Shahid Bahonar University, Kerman, IranZeinabkhatoon PourtaheriBam Higher Education Complex, Bam, IranJournal Article20201130Todays, environmental pollution is one of the main challenges of the world and global economic growth is causing environmental degradation. Therefore, considering the purpose of economic growth and its impact on ecological footprint, it is important to study the impact of economic and social factors on environmental pollution and its degradation in Iran, as well. This study investigated, the effects of the variable of economic growth, energy consumption, trade liberalization, financial development, human development and urbanization on environmental degradation over the period 1971-2015 in Iran using the Markov Switching – Error Correction model (MS-ECM). Based on the environmental Kuznets hypothesis was confirmed for the environmental degradation and its shape was found to be U-reversed. Economic growth, urbanization, energy use, financial development and urbanization were found to have a positive and significant effect on the environmental degradation, while the human development variable negatively influenced environmental degradation. Finally, practical recommendations are drawn from the results, for economic and environmental policies.https://www.eeer.ir/article_128515_a7f6d71ddc1ada4401dbd2da2eda5530.pdfEnvironmental Energy and Economic ResearchEnvironmental Energy and Economic Research2538-49885220210501Investigating the Impact of Green Information Technology on the Performance of Large Organizations (Case Study: Kerman Graduate University of Advanced Technology)11512859810.22097/eeer.2021.254087.1173ENHossein VahidiDepartment of Environment, Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran0000-0002-5868-6821Nasim Moradi BanestaniDepartment of Environment, Kerman, IranJournal Article20201023Large organizations such as universities, face many challenges in managing green and moving toward energy efficiency. Government subsidies, support schemes, and energy support budgets in these organizations in recent decades have led to an inadequate cultural foundation in the organizational force and insufficient attention to how to spend and pay attention to green management. In recent years, with the expansion of automation and electronics infrastructure in universities, electricity consumption has increased. The present study was conducted to investigate the factors affecting green information technology in the Kerman Graduate University of Advanced Technology (KGUAT). First, using field studies and similar research, indicators affecting green information technologies were collected and proposed, and then in order to review the status of indicators and prioritize them using data collection tools through questionnaires and interviews in KGUAT among the staff. Data analysis is performed using SPSS software and Smart PLS model. A total of 13 indicators affecting green information technology management were proposed and based on the prepared questionnaires, focusing on the three objectives of reducing costs, increasing efficiency and improving the quality of statistical analysis were analyzed. The results of the model showed that the fit indices of the model were all in the desired range and can be relied on the model and future organizational decisions with the aim of maximizing the effect of reducing energy consumption in the future. According to the results of management factors, product and process and infrastructure factors affect the efficiency of green management.https://www.eeer.ir/article_128598_ce07c39940d66710b4518fb5666468ea.pdfEnvironmental Energy and Economic ResearchEnvironmental Energy and Economic Research2538-49885220210501Impacts of Demand Side Management Methods on the Feasibility of a Residential PV System11212900410.22097/eeer.2021.260092.1179ENMohammad Hasan GhodusinejadDepartment. of Renewable Energies and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranSanaz TabasiDepartment. of Renewable Energies and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranHossein YousefiDepartment. of Renewable Energies and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-6372-5127Journal Article20201201Energy consumption rising and fossil fuels drawbacks, which comprised of emissions and the concern of depletion, have forced nations to replace other sources such as the renewable energies to achieve a reasonable solution. Solar energy is one of the most promising resources to overcome the increasing demand in residential sector. In this regard, the PV systems are kind of conventional technologies which are widely integrated in buildings. However, the widespread utilization of these new resources, the feasibility analysis is needed to assess the economic profitability. This paper focus on the feasibility assessment of a residential PV system in the content of different electricity pricing schemes including flat pricing (S1), Time-of-Use pricing (S2) and Time-of-Use/tiered pricing (S3). Hence, the economic indicators (NPV and payback time) were calculated for the mentioned pricing models. The results showed that the S3 scheme has the highest NPV value (11258$) and the lowest payback period (3.8 years). In conclusion, the last two methods, known as Demand Side Management (DSM), are more beneficial compared to the flat pricing and proposed for the implementation of a PV system in Iran’s residential sector.https://www.eeer.ir/article_129004_6ac59baa00b75a49d750fdde0a215050.pdfEnvironmental Energy and Economic ResearchEnvironmental Energy and Economic Research2538-49885220210501Investigating the Harmful effects of Fossil Fuel Consumption Subsides on Power Generation Costs in Iran11412900610.22097/eeer.2021.268905.1181ENSadaf ZiyaeiFaculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-8613-9411Mostafa PanahiFaculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran0000-0001-7480-6232Davoud ManzourFaculty of Economics, Imam Sadiq University, Tehran, IranAbdolreza KarbasiSchool of Environment, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-9408-908XHamidreza GhaffarzadehFaculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranJournal Article20210117The current system of fuel consumption subsides payments of fossil power plants in Iran has initiated substantial challenges such as controversies on real price and total costs of the electricity in Iran. The main objective of this study is the calculation and assessment of the total costs of electricity generation in different existing power plants in Iran including thermal and renewable power plants on the basis of figures of real and Subsidy fuel costs using a variety of discount rate. For this purpose, the technique of electricity Levelized costs has been used. The obtained results of this study indicate when the LCOE is calculated with the Subsidy cost of fuel, the least amount of electricity generation costs applies to fossil power plants. Meanwhile, this can be considered true if the real fuel value is taken into account in Iran, the least amount of power generation cost will be imposed on the renewable power plants. We also showed how the investment risk in this sector will change by changing the discount rate in the calculation method. Results showed that the energy system is strongly affected by changes in discount rates. The lower discount rate is the higher the renewable contribution. Obviously, if the policy of subside payment to the state energy sector continues, the total costs of electricity generation in Iran will still be unrealistic due to unreal costs of delivery fuel to the power plants and the employment of renewable energies will not be capable of competing with fossil fuels.https://www.eeer.ir/article_129006_59811b612e431a8c3bbf39ce43c5610d.pdf