Environmental Energy and Economic ResearchEnvironmental Energy and Economic Research2538-49882220180501Environmental Planning for Wind Power Plant Site Selection using a Fuzzy PROMETHEE-Based Outranking Method in Geographical Information System75877555010.22097/eeer.2018.148760.1041ENMorteza GhobadiDepartment of Environment, Lorestan University, IranMasumeh AhmadipariDepartment of Environment, Tehran University, IranJournal Article20180915Selection of suitable sites for wind power plants is one of the most important decision on wind resources development. Site selection for the establishment of large wind power plants requires spatial evaluation taking technical, economic, and environmental considerations into account. This study has applied a combination of PROMETHEE and Fuzzy AHP methods in a geographical information system environment to carry out spatial site selection for wind power plants in Lorestan Province of Iran. The fuzzy analytic hierarchy process method is used to determine the weights of the criteria whereas the PROMETHEE method is used to prioritise the alternatives based on the weights obtained from the fuzzy AHP. The integration of GIS and MCDM makes a powerful tool for the selection of the best suitable sites because GIS provides efficient manipulation, analysis and presentation of spatial data while MCDM supplies consistent weight of alternatives and criteria.The results showed that about 7.38 % of the area of Lorestan province is most suitable for wind power plants development. Sensitivity analysis shows that suitable zones coincide with suitable divisions of the input layers. The sensitivity analysis showed satisfactory results for the combination of PROMETHEE and Fuzzy AHP methods in wind power plant site selection.Environmental Energy and Economic ResearchEnvironmental Energy and Economic Research2538-49882220180501Presenting a Suitable Algorithm for Optimization of Water Consumption in Water Pinch Analysis (A Case Study: Shahid Tondgooyan Oil Refining Co., Tehran)89997554910.22097/eeer.2018.147506.1038ENGholamreza Nabi BidhendiSchool of Environment, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran0000-0001-9930-9080Arezoo ShafikhaniAlborz Campus, University of Tehran, IranJournal Article20180904Since less than 1 percent of world waters are potable, minimizing water consumption is a significant issue. The aim of this study is to present a suitable algorithm for optimization of water consumption in water pinch analysis. In this regard, the results of computer algorithm are verified by the results of previous studies. As a case study, dissolved solid pollutants are taken into consideration. The results indicated that using a water pinch method decreased the amount of this pollutant up to 8.5% in potable water in comparison with raw water. Moreover, by assuming a unit with ten operations in parametric studies, it is observed that with changing one of the influential factors without any change in other parameters, the effects of output concentration changes will be more than flow and input concentration changes. The results of this research can be used functionally in refineries and all the water consumption centers.Environmental Energy and Economic ResearchEnvironmental Energy and Economic Research2538-49882220180501Provide a Post-crisis Water Supply Solution in the Branch of District 3 of Tehran1011097554810.22097/eeer.2018.145375.1036ENAghil OlyaDepartment of disaster management, Shakhes Pajoh research center, Esfahan, IranJournal Article20180825Evaluating and reducing various risks is a part of the corporations and organizations policies, any economic and non-economic entity must inevitably pay particular attention to the stage after the crisis in order to lead the organization's missions, carry out missions of the organization, and to reduce the costs and expenses of the various crises. A closer look can be said that the management system of continuity of activities and services tries to prepare the organization for a proper and timely response to the crisis (crisis management) to a level of readiness that can be found in the shortest possible time to resume on a timely basis, based on predefined plans, the provision of services to customers (continuity of service and activities), and preferably the transition from a critical to a normal state (recovery). In this research, after expressing the theoretical foundations in the field of crisis management and standards of continuity of activities and services, the headquarters of the water and wastewater company of district 3 of Tehran, which has been selected as a case study, has been investigated. An attempt has been made to extract the indicators for the company's headquarters by investigating the principles of standards BS-25999 of the British Standards Institute regarding the continuity of activities and services, and then, by submitting a questionnaire and analyzing the results of the questionnaire through SPSS19 software and Expertchoice11 data for the continuity plan to be used for the case study to be localized. In the end, a post-earthquake continuity and continuity plan has been proposed in the headquarters of Water Treatment Company, District 3 of Tehran, in which the necessary measures for the continuation of activities before, during and after the accident, and the organizational chart and the description of each task are specified. In this way, the company is ready to face the crisis and can resume its business in the best possible time and can take the transition from a critical state to a normal state.Environmental Energy and Economic ResearchEnvironmental Energy and Economic Research2538-49882220180501Evaluation of the Life Cycle of Household Waste Management Scenarios in Moderate Iranian Cities; Case Study Sirjan City1111216918510.22097/eeer.2018.143477.1032ENHossein VahidiDepartment of Environment, Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran0000-0002-5868-6821Alireza RastikerdarCivil and Environmental Engineering, Sirjan University of Technology, Sirjan, IranJournal Article20180806Solid waste is one of the unavoidable products of every society that necessitates the establishment of municipal solid waste management system. Because of variability in quantity and composition of municipal solid wastes, several management scenarios are considered. Assessing the environmental impacts of the life cycle of these scenarios will have a significant role in reducing and resolving urban service management problems. The aim of this study was to compare different scenarios of municipal solid waste management using life cycle assessment (LCA) approach in a typical medium cities in Iran which Sirjan city is assessed as a sample. For this purpose, four scenarios were considered and the life cycle inventory (LCI) was accomplished using integrated waste management model (IWM-2) in each scenario and the results of the model were entered to OpenLCA software and environmental impact assessment of scenarios was carried out Based on the TRACI2014 method. The results showed that the fourth scenario, in the impact categories of acidification, eutrophication, ozone layer depletion, photochemical ozone formation and respiratory effects, third scenario in the impact categories of ecosystem toxicity, human health (carcinogenicity and non-carcinogenicity) and second scenario in the impact categories of global warming and resource depletion (fossil fuels) has the least environmental burden among other scenarios.Environmental Energy and Economic ResearchEnvironmental Energy and Economic Research2538-49882220180501A field study of the environmental effects of marginalization in the 19th District of Tehran using Rapid Impact Assessment Matrix (RIAM)1231358058010.22097/eeer.2018.149024.1043ENFatemeh AfrooshehDepartment of Civil Engineering, Sirjan University of Technology, Sirjan, IranMojtaba RiyaziNejadDepartment of Law, Islamic Azad University of Karaj, Karaj, IranMeysam ShahrashoubDepartment of Civil Engineering, Sirjan University of Technology, Sirjan, Iran0000-0001-5934-8245Mahmood Ghasemi ToosiDepartment of Civil Engineering, Sirjan University of Technology, Sirjan, IranMahboub SaffariEnvironment Department, Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, IranJournal Article20180917Marginalization is one of the consequences of economic and social crises in Iran during recent years, which has caused many problems on the margin of large cities such as Tehran. Lack of living standards, as well as urban management supervision, have caused environmental problems to be one of the damages of these areas to its inhabitants and surrounding urban areas. Environmental degradations in this area attract a great deal of attention. In this field study, we have tried to assess the environmental impacts of marginalization by studying the environmental degradation effects of marginalization on the edge of District 19 of Tehran. In the first step, visits and preparation of field questionnaires were carried out in order to investigate and document the situation in the region. Then, using the results and in the form of 26 environmental indicators, the RIAM model was used to assess environmental impacts and to study the severity of their effects in the marginal zone. According to the results of the research, major environmental problems include surface water control systems’ low quality, surface sewage discharges, inappropriate management of municipal waste, unpleasant smell and the presence of sludge in the neighborhood.Environmental Energy and Economic ResearchEnvironmental Energy and Economic Research2538-49882220180501RDF Production from Municipal Wastes (Case Study: Babol City)1371448058110.22097/eeer.2018.149284.1044ENMaryam ShapouriDepartment of Natural Resources, Savadkooh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Savadkooh, IranOmid Hassanzadeh MoghimiDepartment of Environmental Engineering, International Campus – Kish Island, University of Tehran, Kish Island, Iran0000-0001-9710-5404Journal Article20180918Today, with the advancement of technology, turning waste into fuel has been considered as an inexhaustible source of energy production, especially in industries with high energy consumption. The most important of these industries are Cement and Iron Smelting factories. Babol, as one of the largest provinces in the north of the country, has been facing waste management crisis for several years with about 300 tons of waste per day. Currently, more than 90% of the waste collected from this city is landfilled. According to the waste analysis and prediction of RDF (Refuse-derived fuel) production from refuse materials of the composting line, the landfill was prevented by closing the cycle of waste recycling and processing. In this study, in addition to describing RDF production process, its steps and equipment and taking into account the physical analysis of waste in Babol province, the recycling and processing plans of waste in this city have been proposed by reducing the biological- physical volume (MBWT) and prediction of RDF production. It is expected that the landfill will be completely halted by fully implementing the proposed plan. It is also possible to recycle old landfilled materials through a specific and medium-term schedule and by recovering landfilled materials and injecting them into the system, which of course will bear its own costs.