Estimation and Modeling of Biogas Production in Rural Small Landfills (Case Study: Chaharmahaal and Bakhtiari and Yazd Rural Areas)

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

1 Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran

2 Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

3 Department of Civil Engineering, Sirjan University of Technology, Kerman, Iran

Abstract

One of the main factors contributing to greenhouse gas emissions in the environment is the production of pollutant gases in landfills. Collecting the landfill gases (LFG) effectively reduces the emission of gasses from the landfill site. A precise collection system for LFG can create the potential for energy generation in addition to emissions reduction. However, in Iran, the implementation of such systems remains undeveloped. During the design and construction of a gas collection system, it is necessary to correctly estimate the amount of emissions and type of gases produced at the landfill site. Using LandGEM model, in the span of 20-year (2016-2036), the amount of gases produced in the landfills of the rural areas of Chaharmahaal and Bakhtiari and Yazd provinces have been predicted. According to the results, the largest amount of landfill gas emission will be in 2037, one year after the last year of disposal of the waste to the landfill. The total amount of produced gas, methane, carbon dioxide and NMOCs will be 5435, 1452, 3983 and 62.4 tons per year in 2037 for Chaharmahaa and Bakhtiari and 1574, 4205, 1154 and 18.07 tons per year in 2037 for Yazd.

Keywords


Alexander, A., Burklin, C.E.,  and Singleton, A. (2005). Landfill gas emissions model (LandGEM) version 3.02 user's guide. US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development.
Aydi, A. (2012). Energy recovery from a municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill gas: A tunisian case study. Hydrol Current Res, 3(4), 1-3.
Barlaz, M.A., Green, R.B., Chanton, J.P., Goldsmith, C.D., Hater, G.R. (2004). Evaluation of a biologically active cover for mitigation of landfill gas emissions. Environ Sci Technol., 38, 4891–4899.
Chalvatzaki, E. and Lazaridis, M. (2010). Estimation of greenhouse gas emissions from landfills: application to the Akrotiri landfill site (Chania, Greece). Global NEST Journal, 12(1), 108-116.
CHAMCO. Garbage electricity. URL http://www.chamco.net/ chamco/garbageelectricity.html.
Chiriac, R., Carre, J., Perrodin, Y., Fine, L. and Letoffe, J.M. (2007). Characterisation of VOCs emitted by open cells receiving municipal solid waste. J. Hazard. Mater., 149(2), 249-263.
Clark, B., and Rogoff, M. (2010). Economic feasibility of a plasma arc gasification plant, city of Marion, Iowa. In: Proceedings of 18th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference.
Couth, R., Trois, C. and Vaughan-Jones, S. (2011). Modelling of greenhouse gas emissions from municipal solid waste disposal in Africa. Int. J. Greenhous Gas Control, 5(6), 1443-1453.
Greater London Authority (2008). Cost of Incineration and Non- Incineration Energy-from-waste-technologies, January 2008, Tech. rep. URL http://legacy.london.gov.uk/mayor/environment/waste/ docs/efwtechnologiesreport.pdf.
He, P.J. (2012). Municipal solid waste in rural areas of developing country: Do we need special treatment mode?. Waste management, 32(7), 1289-1290
Janke, L., Lima, A.O.S., Millet, M., Radetski, C.M. (2013). Development and application of a methodology for a clean development mechanism to avoid methane emissions in closed landfills. Environ Tech.34, 2607–2616.
Kalantarifard, A. and Yang, G.S. (2012). Estimation of methane production by LANDGEM simulation model from Tanjung Langsat municipal solid waste landfill, Malaysia. Int. J. Sci. Technology, 1(9): 481-487.
Lizik, W., Im, J., Semrau, J.D., Barcelona, M.J. (2013). A field trial of nutrient stimulation of methanotrophs to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from landfill cover soils. J AirWaste Manage Assoc.63, 300–309.
People’s Republic of China (2010) Second national communication on climate change of the People’s Republic of China.
Population report, 2016, https://www.amar.org.ir/Portals/0/census/1395/results/tables/jamiat/tafsili/ostani/2-jamiat-ostani-r.xls
Rezaee, R. (2014). Estimation of gas emission released from a municipal solid waste landfill site through a modeling approach: A case study, Sanandaj, Iran. Adv. Environ. Health. Res, 2(1).
Saral, A., Demir, S. and Yıldız, Ş. (2009). Assessment of odorous VOCs released from a main MSW landfill site in Istanbul-Turkey via a modelling approach. J. Hazard. Mater., 168(1): 338-345.
Sorenson, C. A. (2010). Comparative Financial Analysis of Fast Pyrolysis Plants in South West Oregon (Ph.D. thesis).
Sun, Y., Yue, D., Li, R., Yang, T. and Liu, S. (2015). Assessing the performance of gas collection systems in select Chinese landfills according to the LandGEM model: drawbacks and potential direction. Environmental technology, 36(23), 2912-2918.
Tchobanoglous, G., Theisen, H. and Vigil, S. (1993). Integrated solid waste Management:Engineering principles and Management issues. New York: McGraw. Inc. Hill.
Tian, M., Gao, J., Zheng, Z., and Yang, Z. (2012). The Study on the ecological footprint of rural solid waste disposal-example in Yuhong District of Shenyang. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 16, 95-101.
Vahidi, H., Hoveidi, H. and Kazemzadeh Khoie, J. (2016). Challenges and Opportunities of Industrial Ecology Development in Iran. International Journal of Environmental Research, 10(2), 217-226.
Vahidi, H., Hoveidi, H., Khoie, J. K., Nematollahi, H. and Heydari, R. (2018). Analyzing material flow in Alborz industrial estate, Ghazvin, Iran. Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management, 20(1), 450-460.
Vahidi, H., Nematollahi, H., Padash, A., Sadeghi, B. and RiyaziNejad, M. (2017). Comparison of Rural Solid Waste Management in Two Central Provinces of Iran. Environmental Energy and Economic Research, 1, 209-220.