Environmental Energy and Economic ResearchEnvironmental Energy and Economic Research2538-49886220220501The Progressive Trail of Environmental-Concerned Urban Planning from Growth to Resilience; an Analytical Overview11514075810.22097/eeer.2021.306723.1222ENMohammadHossein BagherzadehKouhbananiDepartment of Environment, The Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Visiting researcher, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, IranMajid Ramezani MehrianDepartment of Environmental Studies, the Institute for Research and Development in the Humanities (SAMT), Tehran, Iran0000-0002-0216-299XAmin PadashDepartment of Industrial Management, Faculty of Management and Economic, Post Doc. Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, IranJournal Article20210926The primary objective of this article is to review the evolutionary trajectory of urban planning theory, to deeper sense how it has dealt with unsustainable variations. This review reveals that there has been a significant decrease of interest and potential in further application of sustainable development approaches over the last 20 years. Furthermore, they have even been seriously accused of making indirect contribution to provoking detrimental alterations. In following, the article defines two being welcomed strategies of mitigation and adaptation planning in the face of wide-spreading variations. The article concludes that none of the above strategies would seem to be eventually efficient enough, unless being composed proficiently. Supplementary to this, there is an obvious weakness evident in existing urban planning knowledge with regard to the process of problem diagnosis, the Integrity of recommending solutions, and the accuracy of planning techniques application. This indeterminacy has had a strong negative impact on the potentialities of planning strategies in ceasing variations, and needs to be removed immediately.https://www.eeer.ir/article_140758_492235f039a931a081569b8df86a22bc.pdfEnvironmental Energy and Economic ResearchEnvironmental Energy and Economic Research2538-49886220220501Nexus Evaluation of Combined Cycle Power Plants based on Water, Energy, and Carbon11414075910.22097/eeer.2021.307212.1223ENSorour GhodratiDepartment of Environmental Science, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranNargess KargariDepartment of Environmental Science, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Takestan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Takestan, IranForough FarsadDepartment of Environmental Science, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranAmir Hossein JavidDepartment of Environmental Science, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranAlireza H. KaniDepartment of Energy Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranJournal Article20210929Power generation, water consumption, and carbon emissions from power plants are intertwined. Most power generation technologies require water to cool steam turbines. The amount of water required for different types of power generation technologies varies in different power plants. The electricity sector is also one of the most important sources of greenhouse gas emissions worldwide and the main source of carbon emissions from fuel consumption in gas turbines and boilers. This study aimed to investigate the water, energy, and carbon nexus in the combined cycle power plants of Iran to identify the relationship between power generation, water consumption for electricity generation, and greenhouse gas emissions and ultimately improve the conditions, leading to the protection of the environment. In this study, first, the carbon and water footprints were assessed by LCA, and then, the water-energy nexus was modeled using the REWSS model (Regional Energy and Water Supply Scenarios). The Sankey diagram was then used to show the relationships and the current values for the power generation in the combined cycle power plants. Calculations of water, energy and carbon nexus have been done for 9 power plants and National scale. According to the results Damavand Power Plant had the highest power generation and the lowest WFL (0.068×10-9). The opposite was observed in Khoy Power Plant with the lowest power generation and the highest WFL (0.43×10-9).https://www.eeer.ir/article_140759_00ed35f1a1b57b92cea01808462b5e45.pdfEnvironmental Energy and Economic ResearchEnvironmental Energy and Economic Research2538-49886220220501Investigation of Short-term Scenarios of Infectious and Medical Waste Management (Case Study: Kerman, Iran)11514736110.22097/eeer.2022.300132.1214ENAbbas GhavamDepartment of Environment, Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, IranHossein VahidiDepartment of Environment, Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran0000-0002-5868-6821Journal Article20210816Infectious and Medical Waste (IMW) management is one of the challenges of urban management in coronavirus pandemics. Many cities in Iran do not have the necessary infrastructure for rapid and emergency management of IMW in this time frame. Other challenges, such as increasing the generation rate of IMW and further contamination of this waste, increase the need for rapid and principled action. The IMW’s sources were divided into concentration and production volume: large and concentrated sources include hospitals, and small scattered sources include clinics and laboratories. To evaluate and choose the most proper short-time solution, after wide-field visits, different waste management scenarios were predicted. The final was selected by examining different indicators by the Analytical Hierarchy Process model. The main problem of IMW management in Kerman city is collecting and disposing of IMW in small and scattered centers supervised by the Medical Council of the Islamic Republic of Iran. According to the obtained results, the private contractor company collects hazardous waste from the clinics and laboratories and sends them to the hospitals' decontamination units. Then, Kerman Municipality receives the decontaminated waste from hospitals and transfers it to the particular burial landfill. The proposed scenario can certainly lead to a short-term problem of improving Kerman's IMWM, especially in the coronavirus pandemic, relying on the available facilities. Moreover, based on the sensitivity analysis, social indicators have the highest level, and financial indicators have the lowest sensitivity for the proposed solution.https://www.eeer.ir/article_147361_c203c104582963adc4f3c199e5f1caaf.pdfEnvironmental Energy and Economic ResearchEnvironmental Energy and Economic Research2538-49886220220501Energy Consumption Prediction in Iran: A Hybrid Machine Learning and Genetic Algorithm Method with Sustainable Development Considerations11614736210.22097/eeer.2022.307251.1224ENSeyyed Mohammad Mehdi Fatemi BushehriICT Center of Yazd University, Yazd, Iran0000-0002-4214-7989Saeed Dehghan KhavariDepartment of Economics, Meybod University, Meybod, Iran0000-0002-8626-6453Seyed Hossein MirjaliliFaculty of Economics, Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies, Tehran, IranHamid Babaei MeybodiDepartment of Management, Meybod University, Meybod, IranMohsen Sardari ZarchiDepartment of Computer Engineering, Meybod University, Meybod, IranJournal Article20210929Ensuring energy security is a major concern of policymakers and economic planners. This objective could be achieved by managing the energy supply and its demand. The latter has received less attention, especially in developing countries. Neglect of energy consumption and its accurate forecasting leads to potential outages and also unsustainable development. Nonlinear methods that are consistent with the nature of energy consumption have led to better results. Therefore, in the present study, both aspects of sustainable development in the determinants of energy demand and the nonlinear hybrid method have been used. We introduced a model based on sustainable development indicators to forecast energy consumption in Iran in which the relevant indicators are specified by the determination phase. To forecast energy consumption, we provided a new standard dataset for energy consumption in Iran (IREC) based on the data extracted from the World Bank and Ministry of Energy dataset in Iran. The highlight of this research is that it provided the most efficient features from the dataset using the genetic algorithm and five forecasting approaches based on machine learning methods. The algorithm was able to select 14 features as the most effective indicators in predicting energy consumption from all the 104 ones in the IREC with 500 repetitions. The empirical results indicated that the model can provide important indicators for energy consumption forecasting. The experiment result of the model using the GA-Based feature selection indicates that the hybrid model has had better results and GA-SVM and GA-MLP have the best result respectively.https://www.eeer.ir/article_147362_c7e4d37c9cdfd16144b414d8ac1b02e5.pdfEnvironmental Energy and Economic ResearchEnvironmental Energy and Economic Research2538-49886220220501Environmental Pollutions Assessment by a New Project Scheduling Model under a Fuzzy Environment11914736310.22097/eeer.2022.311693.1227ENAlireza FaghihDepartment of Industrial Management, Faculty of Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-3427-956XHossein SafariDepartment of Industrial Management, Faculty of Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran0000-0001-9232-1319Mostafa ZandiehDepartment of Industrial Management, Faculty of Management and Accounting, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, IranHani ArbabiFaculty of Arts, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, IranJournal Article20211023Infrastructure projects are generally implemented in less developed areas. These areas usually have a pristine and pollution-free environment. Environmental pollution during project implementation is considered in various countries under strict regulations. Therefore, it has become necessary to consider environmental factors during scheduling a project in recent decades.<br />The project schedule is one of the primary and widely used planning fields. Applying theories in practice and extensive studies in this field indicate its importance more than before. These problems have various kinds regarding the limitations and conditions of the financial aspects of the contract. <br />Resource-constrained project scheduling problems (RCPSP) are non-polynomial problems - hard (NP-Hard), and usually, meta-heuristic methods were used for solving them. This paper developed a new model for RCPSP called fuzzy green multi-objective multi-mode resource-constrained project scheduling problems (GFMMRCPSP). This model considers three objectives: minimum environmental pollution, minimum Cmax, and maximum NPV. Because of the uncertainty in the real world, all model parameters are assumed fuzzy. The initial feasible solution algorithm was introduced to increase the speed of problem-solving algorithms (NSICA, NSGA-II, and MOPSO), which removed the unfeasible search space. The proposed model and algorithms were tested using standard PSPLIB problems.<br />The results show that NSICA is the most efficient and effective algorithm, and the NSGA-II algorithm is more suitable than the MOPSO algorithm to solve the research problems.https://www.eeer.ir/article_147363_ad4cc1aa5a48262b78158845de55ce67.pdfEnvironmental Energy and Economic ResearchEnvironmental Energy and Economic Research2538-49886220220501An Integrated Investigation into the Socioeconomic Factors Threatening Crop Marketing: A Comparative Study on Faryab Province of Afghanistan and the Sistan Region of Iran12014737810.22097/eeer.2022.276998.1188ENMawladad KhairiDepartment of Agricultural Economics, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, IranMahdi SafdariDepartment of Agricultural Economics, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, IranAli Sardar ShahrakiDepartment of Agricultural Economics, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, IranJournal Article20210309The income and livelihood of most rural families in Iran and Afghanistan depend on the agricultural sector so that this sector is the biggest source of employment in these countries. However, crop marketing is in very poor condition in these countries. The research is an applied study in goal and uses a mixed-method (qualitative and quantitative). The data collection instrument was a questionnaire filled by experts in Faryab province Afghanistan and experts in the Sistan region, Iran. So, a total of 40 Afghani and Iranian experts were asked to fill out the questionnaire. The Afghan experts included academic teachers and the senior employees of agriculture, irrigation, and finance and the Iranian experts included academic teachers and the employees of the Agriculture Jahad Organization. The fuzzy SAW technique was used in MCDMsolver 2018 for modeling. The results are presented with reasoning from the perspectives of the Iranian and Afghan experts. The results as to the opinions of 20 Iranian experts and 20 Afghan experts about 8 criteria and 40 sub-criteria were divided into different steps and were analyzed with tables and graphs. From the viewpoint of the Iranian experts, the sub-criteria of ‘insufficient infrastructure facilities’ with a weight of 2.574, ‘abuse of brokers and intermediaries in reducing crop prices’ with a weight of 2.508, ‘lack of supporting financial institutions’ with a weight of 2.444, ‘lack of capital and credit’ with a weight of 2.409https://www.eeer.ir/article_147378_1ce54e8a817696d98426b4eb88205958.pdf